Initiative To Remove Graffiti

Graffiti may show alliances between gangs, mark the scene of a crime, or commemorate the death of a beloved member. “In July 1985, the Citizens Crime Commission of New York City published a study showing widespread fear of theft and assault in downtown Brooklyn, Fordham Road in the Bronx, and Jamaica Center in Queens. Riders abandoned the subway in droves, fearing assault from lunatics and gangs” (Kelling).  Because of these events, the government started looking for solutions to eradicate graffiti. According to an article written by Edward and Lawson, Mayor Bloomberg makes a statement on his graffiti cleanup initiative back in July 2003. He says, “Graffiti is an invitation for criminal behavior and sends a message that we do not care about our City”. Although Graffiti can be seen as a positive form of art, society has been quick to stigmatize it as a delinquent act which has a negative effect on the neighborhood. Bloomberg insists banishing graffiti markings permanently in order to develop neighborhoods to a standard where people would want to live and businesses would want to locate and invest.

Works Cited

Kelling, George L. How New York Became Safe: The Full Story.city-journal.org. 2009. 

         Web. 25 Nov 2017.

Skyler, Edward, and Lawson Robert. “Mayor Bloomberg Updates Citywide Graffiti  Cleanup Initiative.” NYC.gov. July 16, 2003.web. 23 Nov 2017.

Sources

My first source is a book called Street Art: The Graffiti Revolution. It is a book strictly about graffiti and how it is view in different part of the world. My second source is an article from the website NYC.gov called “Mayor Bloomberg Updates Citywide Graffiti Cleanup Initiative”. The website is run by the government which automatically makes it reliable. This website explains how much the government invested and keep investing to remove graffiti made without the owner’s concern in NYC. And my third source is a book called Graffiti New York by Felisbret Eric. This is literally the best source out of the three. This one tells the story how, why, and where graffiti started. It also narrates how New York city felt about the existence of graffiti present all around the city and why it reflected a careless community.

Works Cited

Felisbret, Eric. Graffiti New York. New York: Abrams. 2009.Print.

 Lewison, Cesar. Street Art: The Graffiti Revolution. Madrid: Tate Publishing. 2008. Print.

Skyler, Edward, and Lawson Robert. “Mayor Bloomberg Updates Citywide Graffiti  Cleanup Initiative.” NYC.gov. July 16, 2003.web. 23 Nov 2017.

Graffiti Movement in New York City

In general, graffiti was used primarily by political activists to make political statements and for street gangs to mark territory. That movement went from Los Angeles in the late 1930s to Philadelphia during the late 1960s. Shortly after that, street gangs used the same method to tag their names all over New York City.  The artists enjoy being accredited for the work they do especially if they risk life and limb getting it done. One of the first taggers in New York City was Demetrius. A Greek-American teenager from Washington Heights who wrote, “Taki 183” his nickname and street address. On July 21, 1971, The New York Times wrote an article about him, titled “ ‘Taki 183’ Spawns Pen Pals” in which he says how he writes his name wherever goes including subway stations, inside subway cars, all over the city, on walls along Broadway, al Kennedy International Airport, in New Jersey, Connecticut, and other places because it is something that he had to do. Thousands of people saw these tags and this sparked the interest of many young people to start their own “tagging”.  The goal was to get as many tags as possible. Tags can be seen in dangerous subway tracks that requires a man to be in and out of there in minutes considering that these tracks are long and dark. A lot of artists were inspired to do the same. Their goal was to gain fame and recognition of how many tags they put up, where the graffiti is, and the size and style of it. Every artist had their own style and executed it proudly covering as many surfaces they can. In a documentary by Fleisher and Lovino, an artists called Blade became one of the kings of the 2 and 5 train lines from late 1974 to 1981 by painting over 3,000 subway cars during that period.

Works Cited

Fleisher, Alan, and Iovino, Paul. Classic Hits: New York’s Pioneering Subway Graffiti Writers.

        Poland: Dokument Press. 2012. Print.

"'Taki 183' Spawns Pen Pals" . nytimes.com. 21 July 1971. PDF. 27 Nov 2017.

My Sources

  Nursing, the Heart of Health Care In America

Khadijat Ahmed
English 112
11/16/2017


 My main source the American Nurses Association has provided me with a detailed facts and information about the Nursing profession and its tie to New York City especially.
The ANA is an organization that represents the interests of the 3.6 million registered nurses in the country. I have learnt that the nursing profession has been advanced by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting a safe and ethical work environment, bolstering the health and wellness of nurses and advocating on health and care issues that affect nurses and the public. This association's goal is improving the quality of health care for all.




   Work Cited
 http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/AboutANA.