Is Solitary Confinement an Adequate Form of Punishment for Juveniles?

Is Solitary Confinement an Adequate Form of Punishment for Juveniles?

Below are three sources for my Research paper.

My first source, is an article entitled “Stop Solitary Confinement of Youth in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities”. Subtitled “Solitary Confinement and Isolation in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities”. I chose and felt like this article is a reliable source of information because it comes from the American Civil Liberties Union and also gives a clear description of what solitary confinement is, the effects it has on juvenile individuals and alternative forms of punishment.

My second source, is the Netflix documentary entitled “Time: The Kalief Browder Story” This is a reliable source because this documentary series describes the tragic case of a Bronx teen who spent three years in jail for a crime that he did not commit. Out of those three years in jail, approximately two years was spent in solitary confinement. It discusses the trials and tribulations that he had to endure during the time spent in jail, and the aftermath and the toll it took on his mental state leading him to ultimately commit suicide.

My third source, is an article published by the reputable New York Times, entitled “Time in the Box: Young Riker's inmates, Still in Isolation”. The author of the article, Michael Winerip and Michael Schwirtz discuss New York City and the struggle to end solitary confinement at its jails for people under 22. It shares interviews with some of the young population in Riker's Island, and the situations they have had to endure.

Work Cited

“Time: The Kalief Browder Story.” Netflix, 15 Sept. 2017, www.netflix.com/title/80187052. Web. 26 Oct 2017

Schwirtz, Michael Winerip, Michael. “Time in the Box': Young Rikers Inmates, Still in Isolation.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 7 July 2016,www.nytimes.com/2016/07/08/nyregion/rikers-island-solitary-confinement.html. Web. 26 Oct 2017

“Stop Solitary Confinement of Youth in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities". ”https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/4%202%20Juvenile%20Solitary_Two%20Pager.pdf. Web Web. 26 Oct 2017

Central Park Sources

Karina Castillo
English:112
10/27/2017


Central Park History


My first sources is from CentralPark.com article called ''Central Park History Overview'' Which gives me a lot of information about how Central Park was designed by different Yankees engineer, Irish laborers and German gardener with more than 20,000 workers.


My second sources is from Thoughtco.com article called ''History and Development of Central Park'' This sources gives me the idea about the size of the park and I also learned that over 1,600 residents were moved into a different place between 5th ave. and 8th ave. because of private development purposes.


My third sources is from Centralparktoursnyc.com article call ''The  Early of New York City's Central Park'' This website lighten me up about this amazing park information. This website provides a lot of pictures about how it was before central park was created.





Work Cited

Blackmar, Barbara and Rosenzweig, Roy ''Central Park History Overview'' CentralPark.com 
http://www.centralpark.com/visitor-info/park-history/overview/


Powder, Adam "History and Development of New York's Central Park'' Thought.com March 03, 2017 https://www.thoughtco.com/central-park-overview-1435534



Pen, Peter " The Early History Of New York City's Central Park" Centralparktoursnyc.com October 14, 2016 http://www.centralparktoursnyc.com/central-park-history/

Is Stop and Frisk Racial Profiling?

        The controversial Police Department's program emphasizes on stop, questioning, searching and sometimes a temporarily detaining of civilians on the street. The goal of the program is to identify possible crimes and prevent them. There has been a strong criticism of the program, regarding its execution. Critics of the program argue that Police Officers engage in activities that profile young African American and Hispanic men. Many books and articles have been written about this problem and the following are a few of such credible sources that sheds light on this issue.
        The first source is The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center. It is a government organization that serves as an interagency for more that 90 federal law enforcement agencies. It also provides training on law related issues and trends to local, state and international law enforcement agencies. It is under the Department of Homeland Security, and monitors everything that happens in the United States especially things that relate to security. This source explains the Stop and Frisk Program and highlights how stop and question is the proper way, but frisk in special instances when an officer has a justifiable threat to life. It talks about how not every stop should lead to a frisk. It also talks about how the program should operate with no specific target groups. I trust this source because it's a well regulated United States government  training organization that uses facts and authentic material for it's work.
        The second source is The New York Times. It is a very reputable daily news paper that has been around since 1851.It is the largest circulating news paper in the United States and has won over 122 Pulitzer prizes for excellence in news paper journalism. A big and reputable news paper agency like The New York Times has a very rigorous process of reporting, to minimize fake news. Their writers are experienced, and the articles are reviewed by expert editors before they are published. The article from this source sheds light on some of the everyday problems of the Stop and Frisk Program. It gives statistics of the program and how African American and Latino young men have been the targets of the program. It also talks about how the program violated the constitutional rights of innocent New Yorkers with reference to the 4th and 14th amendments. I trust this source because the  article was written in one of the biggest and most reputable daily news paper agencies in the world.
        The third source is The Center for Constitutional Rights. This is a progressive non-profit legal advocacy organization based in New York City. It was founded in 1966, and particularly supports activists in the implementation of civil rights legislation to achieve social justice. This source sheds light on the Stop and Frisk program by reporting some of the class action lawsuits brought against the City of New York for Stop and Frisk incidents. They represented some of these cases, in which the court outcome addressed the city to reform the program. I trust this source because it's a civil liberty group of expert attorneys that fight for social justice. This source reports the first hand information of the case it represented.

Works Cited

 Argiriou, Steven L, Terry Frisk Update. The Law Field Examples and Analysis. www.fletc.gov, ND. web, 21 October 2017.

Flegenheimer, Matt, New Message on Frisking From De Blasio's City Hall amid criticism. www.nytimes.com, 12 June 2015, web 15 October 2017.

Center For Constitutional Rights. Floyd et al. v. City of New York et al. www.ccrjustice.org. 9 June 2017, web, 16 October 2017.  

Gentrification in Harlem (Sources)

      Mayor Bill De Blasio pushes to rezone East Harlem by building more highrises to house low income tenants. If 1000-1500 dollars a month is low income then it won't help our neighborhood it will only push out the people living in it. Recently they opened up a whole foods on the corner of west 125th street on lenox avenue. Though it's bringing good food and diversity to the area, people can't afford the food. When you think about whole foods locations, they are mostly located downtown where poverty is much less thus it's treated as a regular supermarket to the people in that area. Little things like this add on to the process of gentrification, If the area is more of an attract for people with higher wages but does not benefit low wage residents, its indirectly pushing us to the side for the people with money. With more financially stable people brings more money and more money brings property increases. With property rent on the rise, Harlem’s residents can’t afforded the outrageous prices so people are losing their homes and businesses. Although they’re more white people than usual in the area, race isn’t our main focus. Yes once a different race settles down in an area their cultural beliefs follow and it may clash with the already molded atmosphere, gentrification is more about rich vs poor but is often looked passed because minorities(african americans and latinos) are getting pushed out of their neighborhoods and it seems as if they are getting replaced by white people. All of my sources listed below are actual articles in newspapers and magazines what draws me out the most is these are things that are happening in my neighborhood right now and i can see the changes with my own two eyes. I feel that if i’m living the exact or almost exact life of what the author is describing, that’s what really makes these sources reliable.


Work cited

Adams, Henry Michael. “The End Of Black Harlem” . The New York Times. https://www.google.com/amp/s/mobile.nytimes.com/2016/05/29/opinion/sunday/the-end-of-black-harlem.amp.html web 27 May, 2016.

Bonanos, Christopher. “From Alligator Shoes to Whole Foods: Watching One Harlem Corner Over 28 Years” New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/07/harlem-gentrification-whole-foods-vanishing-new-york.html. Web 13 July, 2017.

“East Harlem Residents Claim De Blasio’s Rezoning Plan Promotes Gentrification”. CBS New York. http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/09/29/east-harlem-residents-claim-de-blasios-rezoning-plan-promotes-gentrification/ web 29 September, 2017

The Effects Of The Great Migration

The effects of the great migration on New York and the reasons that triggered the migration caught my attention due to various reasons. As an immigrant I migrated to New York City from Africa to get a good education that way I can land a high paying job, uplift my living condition and then improve the living condition of my family. That being said the fact that over a million African Americans left the south and moved to the north caught my attention because I want to know if my reasons of migrating to New York are similar to theirs. In other to know these I had to do some research and my three sources are as follows:

The first source is www.history.com. I am choosing this website as my source because they have lots of information about the great migration like what causes the migration, the life of the migrants in the city and the impact of the great migration. Also after maneuvering the website I found out that they have a lot of articles which relates to other histories this country have gone through.

My second source is www.history.house.gov.  I choose this website as my source because it is a government website and the information I found on the website seems legit or reliable. This website gives me another perspective of the great migration and New York City during the World War I. The website provides me broad information about the great migration and the effects it has on the work industry during World War I.

The last but not the least source is www.inmotionaame.org.  This website has lots of information ranging from the ones I already mentioned above. The website provides information on the African Americans Migrated to the North, the affects the migration has on the music and fashion on NYC.

Work Cited

“Great Migration”. History.com. Publisher A&E Televission Networks,LLC. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration . Web 26 Oct 2017.

“World War I And The Great Migration”. Historyhouse.gov. http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Temporary-Farewell/World-War-I-And-Great-Migration/. Web 26 Oct 2017.

“The Great Migration”. Inmotionaame.org. http://www.inmotionaame.org/print.cfm;jsessionid=f830449901508869046508?migration=8&bhcp=1. Web 26 Oct 2017.

Why was the Statue of Liberty built?

Since I was a child, I have seen that almost all painting and pictures about New York City have the Statue of Liberty, likewise, many movies scenes as identification of the city. As a recent immigrant to this beautiful city, I am wondering about “Why was the Statue of Liberty built?” How she became one of the most famous and important icons of New York City. I am also interested in the meaning of the Statue of Liberty for immigrants. Those inquiries motivate me doing a research paper seeking some information about the Statue of Liberty history.

In order to do a research paper that will allow the reader to understand the importance of “Why was the Statue of Liberty built?”. I will be using several credible sources.

My first source is The Statue of Liberty- Ellis Island website. I choose this source because it is reliable, it is signed by the Statue of Liberty Organization, it has much information of the Statue of liberty History, biography, Statue Gallery, and you can even plan your visit from this website.

The second website that I will be using is American Immigration Center. I want to use this source for my research paper because I trust the information in there, this site provides general information on some commonly encountered immigration matters. From this website, I want to talk about the relation between immigration and the Statue of Liberty.

My third source is National Park Service website. I choose this source because it is reliable, it has much information about The Statue of Liberty History, how has the meaning of the Statue of Liberty evolved since its dedication in 1886? Explores it themes like The French Connection and Popular Culture. I trust this source because it is signed by The National Park Service U.S Department of the Interior.

Works Cited

“Statue History”. libertyellisfoundation.org. Publisher The Statue of Liberty- Ellis Island. ND. https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/statue-history. Web 21 Oct 2017.

“The Statue of Liberty”. Us-immigration.com. Publisher American Immigration Center. ND. https://www.us-immigration.com/statue-of-liberty/ . Web 21 Oct 2017.

“Stories”. Nps.gov. Publisher National Park Service. ND. https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/stories.htm . Web 21 Oct 2017.

Our children will benefit from early eduation

I am extremely passionate about placing our children in a school structured environment at a young age. Currently New York City offers free education for children as young as 4 years old. Now that I am a parent I’ve noticed by the time your child begins Kindergarten at 5 years old unless you have placed your children in a school structured pre-k class at 4 years old your child is already behind. I have gathered several reputable sources that can help me prove why early education is important and beneficial for both child and parents. My first source comes from www.1.NYC.gov. It is an article titled “Mayor de Blasio announces First-Ever 3-K for All Offers” In the article Mayor De Blasio announces New York City’s first-ever 3-K classes. I choose this article because it gives us the reasons why NYC Mayor has devoted his time pursuing early education for all as young as 3 years old. I applied the phrase “Numbers don’t lie” for my second source. In an article written in Centerforpubliceducation.org titled “Pre-Kindergarten: What the research shows” it provides numbers. It shows the statistics of children who attend pre-k before entering kindergarten oppose to students who went directly to kindergarten. To truly understand something, you need to know all information. From the same article I will educate my readers about the history of education and how it has evolved. Today’s curriculum has become more challenging. Preparing your child at a young age will only benefit them. My final source was found in the Washington Post, the article title is “Preschool is important, but it’s more important for poor children”. Being a New York City resident where the cost of living doesn’t match with what your yearly income is. I know how expensive school is. This article is about how important it is to provide early education for all. Many low-income homes wish to send their child to school at a young age but can’t afford it. I found this source important to add to my paper because it states families from low income homes who place their child in pre-k is giving them a higher opportunity to succeed in their educations and even life.

Works Cited
O'Brien, Eileen "Pre-kindergarten: What the research shows". centerforpubliceducation.org.
  03 Mar 2007. National School Boards Association Alexandria, V.A. Web 25 Oct 2017

"Mayor de Blasio Announces First-Ever 3-k for All Offers". 1.nyc.gov. 27 July 2017.
    NYC is a trademark and service mark of the City of New York. Web. 26 Oct 2017

Fuller, Bruce "Preschool is important, but it's more important for poor children". washintonpost.com.
  09 Feb 2014. 1996-2017 The Washington Post. Web. 26 Oct 2017